Canada
Academic System | Accomodation | Climate | Visa Regulations | Public Transport | National holidays
Academic System
There is no federal education system in Canada. The provinces are given exclusive jurisdiction in offering education to the people. The provincial and territorial legislatures have developed their own educational structures and institutions, creating thirteen education systems in Canada. At the post-secondary level, institutions are divided into community colleges and universities. Universities, University Colleges, Community Colleges or Technical Institutes and Career Colleges are mainly the 4 types of educational institutions that offer higher education in Canada.
'Canadian universities are mostly public funded and offer constantly high quality education at lower fee structures for international students than other developed countries. 'University Colleges' in Canada offer students a choice of either academic-oriented university degree programs or the more practical-oriented college diplomas and certificates. They also offer combined degrees or diploma programs and university transfer programs. 'Community Colleges' and 'Technical Institutes' in Canada normally have vocational-related curriculum.
Most colleges and technical institutes offer diplomas and certificates rather than degrees, however, more and more now grant degrees and applied degrees. 'Career Colleges' in Canada are privately owned and operated schools with the main objective of preparing students for the job market after a short period of training. The emphasis at career colleges is on practical skills over a broad range of programs. They specialize in areas such as business, computers and secretarial skills. The certifications given after stipulated study period in Canadian Education System include
Diploma is the qualification awarded on the basis of one or two year's successful study and is offered at colleges.
Universities award undergraduate or bachelor's degree after four years of full-time study.
Graduate or postgraduate degrees lead to advanced degrees, diplomas and certificates. Eligibility to participate in graduate studies is a four-year bachelors or undergraduate degree.
Doctorate or Ph.D. is a degree ranking above the master's degree and generally completed after four to seven years of study in which a combination of course work, original research and a thesis is required. Prerequisites to this course include typically a master's degree.
Canada is a friendly and wonderful place, and having made the proper arrangements, you will undoubtedly enjoy your stay regardless of where you choose to live in Canada.
Accomodation
Home stays Many Canadian families welcome international students. This is an effective way to learn about daily life in Canada, and meet new, friendly people. Home stays also offer a more stable and secure environment for younger people coming to study in Canada. Typically, a home stay consists of a Canadian family hosting a student in their home while the student attends classes in Canada. Meals and a furnished room are provided in the home, and the host family welcomes and encourages participation in family and community activities. Amenities and location vary from home to home, but preferences can and should be indicated to the school so that a suitable match may be found. Prices will vary according to location, and some home stay services will charge an initial placement fee of up to $200 CDN. The average cost of home stay accommodation: $400 - $800 CDN per month.
Residence/Dormitory Many schools have accommodation conveniently located on or near their campus. Rooms can vary in size and in quality, and many dormitories have shared kitchens, toilets, showers and laundry facilities. There is usually an option of having either a shared or private room, and dormitories are usually separated by gender. In some cases, there are cafeterias and meal plans that can be included in the cost of the room. Most dormitories come furnished, and are an ideal way to become involved in campus activities and meet other students. The average cost of residence/dormitory rooms: $3,000 - $7,500 CDN per school year.
Renting is an option open to students, but price, quality and availability vary greatly. Rents are often quite high in the major cities, and places are not always available. Many students share accommodation to keep costs down and usually find places to meet their needs and preferences. Many schools offer an off-campus housing service, which can provide affordable listings that are near the campus. At this service centre, those seeking shared accommodations can also find roommates. Once on campus, you will often find a variety of postings throughout the campus advertising nearby housing, but it is always best to make arrangements before coming to Canada.
There are different types of places you can rent as an international student. A house is usually too expensive for one student to rent, but many students share or rent suites (a self-contained unit with a kitchen, toilet, bath and bedroom) within a larger home. Apartments are another option, where one has a kitchen, toilet, bath, and one or two bedrooms. Most rental apartments do not include furniture or meals. Some, however, include the cost of heat and/or electricity in the rent.
Listings of available apartments or homes are published in local newspapers. It is the responsibility of the student to determine suitability as schools do not inspect these places nor can they make any other arrangements. Most landlords require a damage deposit and rent is paid on a monthly basis in cash or by cheque. Agreements with landlords should be made with care. The average cost of shared accommodations in Canada: $250 - $700 CDN monthly and of a suite or apartment: $400 - $1,500 CDN monthly.
Climate
Canada's climate is not as cold all year around as some may believe. In winter, temperatures fall below freezing point throughout most of Canada. But the south-western coast has a relatively mild climate. Along the Arctic Circle, mean temperatures are below freezing for seven months a year.
Located in a sub-Mediterranean zone, Victoria BC boasts the mildest climate in Canada. Victoria receives an average of 2,183 hours of sunshine each year, with flowers in bloom year-round and an eight month frost-free season.
Spring can arrive as early as February and is mild. Summer is comfortably warm and dry with temperatures from 18° to 32°C (65° to 90°F). Victoria has a very low humidity ratio and almost constant offshore breezes, which keep summer days from becoming too hot and summer evenings cool. The average monthly rainfall in summer is less than 2.5 cm (1"). Victoria often enjoys a warm, sunny September with fall arriving late in the month. Deciduous trees turn the city to gold, while lawns and golf courses are green and lush throughout the winter.
The average annual rainfall for Victoria is 66.5 cm (26.2"), which is substantially less rain than Vancouver, BC and Seattle, WA receive. Victoria receives rainfall during January, February and March, with occasional light snowfall. The average monthly rainfall in winter is 5 cm (2") and the average temperature in January is 3°C (38°F). Although winters are mild and rarely include snow, warmer clothing is recommended between the months of November and March.
Visa Regulations
In order to get a study permit or student visa the documents required are
a valid passport
a Letter of Acceptance from in lingua Vancouver
proof that you have enough money to support yourself for your entire stay in Canada. For example, a letter from your bank in your country and a written pledge of financial support from a parent will show immigration officials that you can afford your expenses while you are in Canada. These expenses include tuition, homestay, transportation, medical insurance, personal needs and return trips home
a medical clearance if required by immigration
Complete the application form for a Study Permit.
Include the correct Application Fee.
There is a processing fee to apply for a Study Permit. The current rate is 5 Canadian dollars for a Study Permit,
Make sure that your application is complete.
Consult the Visa Office or its Web site to see if you need to fill out any additional forms or provide any additional documents.
Submit your application.
Fees, and required documents to a Visa Office at the Canadian embassy, high commission or consulate responsible for the country in which you are living.
Supply additional information or documents when the Visa Office requests it. This may include such as the medical examination results and Police Certificates/Certificate of Good Conduct.
Public Transport
Depending on the distances you are traveling, there are many ways to get around. For local travel there are subways, buses, taxis or even by foot, bicycle or dogsled. Intercity travel implies much larger distances, for which there are planes, trains and buses/coaches.
GO train ” is the most used railway system in the southern part of the province of Ontario. This transportation system connects many cities around the Greater Toronto Area such as Mississauga, Oakville, Woodbridge, etc. This system is separate from the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC), so one will need a separate ticket. One of the cities adjacent to Toronto is Mississauga, which has its own network of buses called Mississauga transit. Nationally, trains are operated by VIA Rail. You can travel from the easternmost to the westernmost coasts of Canada. Prices differ significantly depending on the time of year and the length of the trip. To get a notion of the time and distance the national train network might cover, take into account that a train ride from Toronto to Vancouver takes approximately three days and three nights for the distance of 2800 miles (4500 kilometres).
In Canada, the national bus network is extensive. There are connections to Canadian and US destinations. Different bus/coach operators exist, there a couple of big players and a number of smaller regional and national operators.
Taxi
Most cities have at least three different taxi companies, so it can help to familiarize yourself with them. Metered fares are usually regulated at the city level and are not negotiable. If you want a “flat rate” to your destination, you must agree one with the driver prior to the start of your trip. Taxi drivers in all major cities need to have an identification that issued by the city that certifies that their activity is legal and that the unit complies with safety regulations.
Flights - Airlines in Canada
The airline industry in Canada has changed noticeably in the last 10 years. After a hostile takeover bid for Canadian Airlines in 1999-2000, Air Canada became the largest airline in the country followed by WestJet and a series of smaller and charter airlines including CanJet, SkyService, etc.
To fly within the country you need a piece of government issued photo identification, or your passport if you are a foreigner. If you are a landed immigrant or a Canadian Citizen, you can show your drivers license or provincial health card. To fly in and out of the country you must have a valid passport and may be required to have a visa.
National holidays
New Year's Day
Jan. 1
Good Friday
March 21
Easter Monday
March 24
Victoria Day
(Monday preceding
May 25)
May 19
Canada Day *
July 1
Labour Day
(first Monday
of September)
Sept. 1
Thanksgiving Day
(second Monday
of October)
Oct. 13
Remembrance Day
Nov. 11
Christmas
Dec. 25
Boxing Day
Dec. 26
Capital City
Ottawa
Population
33,277,000
Area
9,984,670 sq km
Currency Name
Canadian dollar ($) (CAD)
Languages
English, French
Calling Code
+1
Timezone
(UTC-3.5 to -8)
Toronto
Montreal
Supreme Court